Malcolm X was a prominent civil rights activist and a leading figure within the Nation of Islam. He had strong beliefs about black nationalism until his assassination in 1965.
Quick Facts
- Full Name: Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little)
- Birthdate: May 19, 1925
- Birthplace: Omaha, Nebraska, United States
- Assassination Date: February 21, 1965
- Known for: Civil rights activism, leadership in the Nation of Islam, advocacy for black nationalism
Who was Malcolm X?
Malcolm X was a very strong African American leader and human rights activist in the 20th century. An activist against racial injustice, he was best known for his fiery speeches. He was originally born Malcolm Little, but later changed his name to Malcolm X to symbolize the loss of his connection to his African heritage. He became a powerful voice clamoring for the empowerment and equality of the black race in the civil rights movement.
Early Life and Family
He was born on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, to Earl Little and his wife, Louise. Earl was a Baptist preacher and follower of Marcus Garvey, while Louise was to bear the maiden surname of Norton. Racism was severe for the family; their house was first burned down, and his father was killed under still uninvestigated circumstances. These early experiences deeply influenced Malcolm’s views on race and society.
Malcolm X Education
Although he excelled in school, with time Malcolm dropped out after being disheartened by a teacher who told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was unrealistic for a black boy, pushing him away from formal education. This disheartening experience pushed him away from formal education to a life of crime, hence being put behind bars and living the life of an ordinary felon.
Time in Prison
In 1946, Malcolm was arrested for housebreaking and forced entry and sentenced to ten years in prison. He became a deep learner during his time in the punishment facility. He had a ravenous appetite for reading and an enormous interest in knowledge. It was here that he learned about the teachings of the Nation of Islam.
Nation of Islam
Upon his release in 1952, Malcolm joined the Nation of Islam, a religious and black nationalist movement. Malcolm soon became the chief spokesman for the movement under the guidance of its leader, Elijah Muhammad. He taught and spread black pride, self-reliance, and the doctrine of a complete break with white society. His vigorous speaking manner and confrontational stance on racial issues made him a national figure.
Becoming a Mainstream Sunni Muslim
In 1964, Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam, issuing disagreements with Elijah Muhammad. He then went on a lifetime-changing pilgrimage to Mecca. There, he met Muslims of all races and began believing in the possibility of racial unity. Upon his return, he adopted the name El-Haj Malik El-Shabazz and held Sunni Islam, advocating for a more inclusive approach to civil rights.
Malcolm X Assassination
Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965, in the middle of addressing the masses at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City. Three members of the Nation of Islam were convicted of his murder. His ideas and legacy live on as an inspiration for humans worldwide.
Wife and Children
In 1958, Malcolm X married Betty Sanders, who later became known as Betty Shabazz. Together, they had six daughters: Attallah, Qubilah, Ilyasah, Gamilah, Malikah, and Malaak. Betty Shabbaz was an unwavering supporter of Malcolm’s work and carried on a formidable legacy after his assassination.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X
“The Autobiography of Malcolm X,” written in collaboration with journalist Alex Haley, was published after Malcolm X’s assassination in 1965. The book provides a living testimony from a troubling youth who burgeoned into a powerful and influential leader. It has long since become a classic in American literature, and no one who reads it can emerge with his preconceptions unchanged.
Movies
The character Malcolm X has been covered in so many films. Leading the pack is the 1992 film by Spike Lee, “Malcolm X,” starring Denzel Washington. The picture amassed much critical acclaim and made Malcolm’s story known across the spectrum.
Legacy
Malcolm X’s legacy continues to resonate in an inspirational way for social justice, black empowerment, and social change. His unyielding commitment to equality, dignity, and self-determination has left an indelible mark on the fight for civil rights worldwide.
Malcolm X Quotes
“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.“
“You can’t separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.“
“If you’re not ready to die for it, put the word ‘freedom’ out of your vocabulary.“
The life of Malcolm X was defined by relentless pursuit: the pursuit of justice, equality, and liberation for African Americans. In his lifetime, he was subject to many struggles and obstacles, but his courage, insight, and indomitable spirit inspired changemakers and fighters during all times in the creation of a better, decent, and equitable society.
You May Also Like:
Comments are closed